Acute and Chronic Inflammation
نویسندگان
چکیده
The inflammatory response consists of an innate system of cellular and humoral responses following injury (such as after heat or cold exposure, ischemia/ reperfusion, blunt trauma, etc.), in which the body attempts to restore the tissue to its preinjury state. In the acute inflammatory response, there is a complex orchestration of events involving leakage of water, salt, and proteins from the vascular compartment; activation of endothelial cells; adhesive interactions between leukocytes and the vascular endothelium; recruitment of leukocytes; activation of tissue macrophages; activation of platelets and their aggregation; activation of the complement; clotting and fibrinolytic systems; and release of proteases and oxidants from phagocytic cells, all of which may assist in coping with the state of injury. Whether due to physical or chemical causes, infectious organisms, or any number of other reasons that damage tissues, the earliest in vivo hallmark of the acute inflammatory response is the adhesion of neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PMNs) to the vascular endothelium (“margination”) (Figure 1.1). The chronic inflammatory response is defined according to the nature of the inflammatory cells appearing in tissues. The definition of chronic inflammation is not related to the duration of the inflammatory response. Reversal or resolution of the inflammatory response implies that leukocytes will be removed either via lymphatics or by apoptosis (programmed cell suicide) and that the ongoing acute inflammatory response is terminated. As a consequence, during resolution increased vascular permeability is reversed due to closure of the open tight junctions and PMN emigration from the blood compartment ceases. In both the vascular and extravascular compartments, fibrin deposits are removed by pathways that lead to activation of plasminogen (to plasmin), which degrades fibrin (see section on “Intercommunications between Inflammatory Acute and Chronic Inflammation
منابع مشابه
Evaluation of acute and chronic anti-nociceptive and anti-Inflammatory effects of apple cider vinegar
Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV) is a natural compound that is used mainly in numerous food preparations. During the last few decades, ACV has been used for various therapeutic purposes in different countries. One of its main applications by people in Iran and other countries has been as an oral traditional remedy to control chronic pain in arthritis. In this study, ACV’s effects on acute and chronic ...
متن کاملEvaluation of acute and chronic anti-nociceptive and anti-Inflammatory effects of apple cider vinegar
Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV) is a natural compound that is used mainly in numerous food preparations. During the last few decades, ACV has been used for various therapeutic purposes in different countries. One of its main applications by people in Iran and other countries has been as an oral traditional remedy to control chronic pain in arthritis. In this study, ACV’s effects on acute and chronic ...
متن کاملGenotyping of Endocervical Chlamydia trachomatis Strains and Detection of Serological Markers of Acute and Chronic Inflammation in Their Host
متن کامل
The Effect of Acute and Chronic Morphine on Some Blood Biochemical Parameters in an Inflammatory Condition in Gonadectomized Male Rats
Background: Opiates affect blood factors as well as pain and inflammation in a gender-dependent manner. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of morphine on serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and urea in gonadectomized and inflammation conditions. Methods: Animals were divided as follows: control group, carrageenan and chronic morphine recipients, acute morphine recip...
متن کاملAnti-inflammatory Activity of Essential Oil of Canarium Strictum Roxb
Canarium L. is used in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, heptoprotective, antioxidant, and anti diabetic properties. The present study investigeated the invivo anti-inflammatory activity of essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of resin of Canarium strictum Roxb. In the current study, anti-inflammatory activity of essential oil of...
متن کاملThe Effect of Chronic Inflammation on Knee Joint Vascular β-adrenoceptors in Rabbit
It has been shown that inflammation reduces the effectiveness of sympathetic nerves in the regulation of knee joint blood flow, and the joint vascular- ß adrenoceptors are changed due to acute inflammation from a majority of ß-1 to an equality of ß-1 and ß-2 receptors.. To investigate the role of sympathetic nerves in nerve induced vasoconstriction and changes in joint vascular ß-adrenoceptors ...
متن کامل